Hands-On High Capacity Optical Networks: ROADM, DWDM, CWDM, COHERENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS & RAMAN AMPLIFICATION Fundamentals, Technology, Tests and Current Issues

Course Description

WDM technology (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) has revolutionized the telecommunications market in the whole world by offering a phenomenal cost-effective increase in the fiber transmission capacity. DWDM (Dense WDM) became commercial in 1995 while CWDM (Coarse WDM) emerged after 2000, stimulated by the telecom crisis. CWDM brings simpler technological concepts as compared to DWDM, cutting down prices, but fits just the lower transmission capacity markets, such as the metro and enterprise networks.

More recently, new paradigmatic revolutions have made their way into the optical communication market ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing), Raman Amplification and Coherent Optical Systems. While these optical technologies are the perfect solutions to satisfy the growing demand for bandwidth they also provide radical cost reduction in the information transmission market.

Students Will Learn

Evolution of optical communications
Usual multiplexing techniques in optical communications
SDH SONET (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) Brief description
Other transmission protocols and respective data rates
Impairments in Optical Communications
Optical attenuation
Chromatic dispersion
Polarization Mode Dispersion - PMD
Optical non-linearities
Optical signal to noise rati0
(OSNR) and EDFA noise
Optical amplification
Chromatic dispersion compensation in high capacity optical transmission systems
Challenges for implementing modern optical transmission technologies
WDM Technology
DWDM and CWDM driving factors
Alternatives for increasing transmission capacity
Evolution of the WDM technology
Wide-Band WDM (WWDM), Coarse WDM (CWDM) and Dense WDM (DWDM)
DWDM - Technical, economical and logistic advantages
Technologies that made DWDM technology possible
CWDM - Characteristics, standardization and applications
CWDM - Technical, economical and logistic advantages
Comparisons between DWDM and CWDM
Network investments - important evaluations in the decision making process
New optical fibers for DWDM and CWDM - Which to choose?
Dispersion characteristics, effective area, second order dispersion
Advantages and disadvantages in DWDM and CWDM
TDM versus CWDM DWDM, TDM-x versus TDM-4x in DWDM
Which andor when each alternative is better
Open architecture versus closed architecture in DWDM
Wavelength Converting Transponders
Protection, restoration and reliability in the optical layer
Interoperability between suppliers
Network design methodology
ROADM, Coherent Optical Communications Raman Amplification
ROADM - Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing
Coherent Optical Communications
Raman Optical Amplification
Tests and Measurements in WDM Networks
Spectral measurements in WDM
Essential characteristics of the OSA
Technologies of spectral analysis
Required tests and measurement parameters
Use of OSA in the installation, monitoring and fault repairing of WDM networks
WDM test equipment suppliers
Specialized diagnostics of optical networks
PMD audits in the American and Brazilian fiber plants
WDM Optical Networking
WDM Market

Target Audience

Anyone working on or wanting an understanding of ROADM, DWDM, CWDM, COHERENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS RAMAN AMPLIFICATION systems.

Prerequisites

A basic understanding of telecommunications is highly suggested.

Course Outline

Brief review of optical communications:

Introduction
Evolution of optical communications
Some essential components

Optical fibers (types, attenuation and dispersion characteristics)
Optical splitters, combiners and couplers
Optical filters, multiplexers, demultiplexers
Transmitters and receivers

Usual multiplexing techniques in optical communications

TDM - Time-Division Multiplexing
WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing

SDH & SONET (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) – Brief description
Other transmission protocols and respective data rates

Impairments in Optical Communications:

Optical attenuation
Chromatic dispersion
Polarization Mode Dispersion - PMD
Optical non-linearities
Optical signal to noise rati
(OSNR) and EDFA noise
Optical amplification:

Fundamental characteristics
Basic configurations
Semiconductors amplifiers
Praseodymium doped fiber amplifiers (1.3mm)
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (1.5mm)
Applications
Raman amplification

Chromatic dispersion compensation in high capacity optical transmission systems
Challenges for implementing modern optical transmission technologies

WDM Technology:

DWDM and CWDM driving factors
Alternatives for increasing transmission capacity
Evolution of the WDM technology
Wide-Band WDM (WWDM), Coarse WDM (CWDM) and Dense WDM (DWDM)
DWDM - Technical, economical and logistic advantages

Bandwidth, scalability, transparency to bit-rate and modulation format, cost, investment risks, installation, future proof

Technologies that made DWDM technology possible

EDFA optical amplifiers
DFB Lasers with narrow and stable line widths
Fiber Bragg gratings
AWG - Arrayed Waveguide Grating
Main DWDM network components
Fixed and tunable transmitters
Optical receivers
Flat gain EDFA amplifiers
Wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers
Fixed and configurable optical Add-Drop multiplexers
Optical Cross-Connects
Bidirectional DWDM
Considerations about channel separation and channel selection
Channel selection and cross-talk
Channel spacing and channel count
Differences between DWDM and CWDM channel spacing
ITU standardization and frequency grid
Chromatic dispersion management and dispersion compensation in WDM systems
WDM impairments due to optical non-linearities
Raman Scattering and Brillouin Scattering
Self phase modulation and cross phase modulation
Four-wave mixing

CWDM - Characteristics, standardization and applications
CWDM - Technical, economical and logistic advantages
Comparisons between DWDM and CWDM
Network investments - important evaluations in the decision making process
New optical fibers for DWDM and CWDM - Which to choose?
Dispersion characteristics, effective area, second order dispersion
Advantages and disadvantages in DWDM and CWDM
TDM versus CWDM & DWDM, TDM-x versus TDM-4x in DWDM
Which and/or when each alternative is better
Open architecture versus closed architecture in DWDM
Wavelength Converting Transponders
Protection, restoration and reliability in the optical layer
Interoperability between suppliers
Network design methodology
Case studies

ROADM, Coherent Optical Communications & Raman Amplification:

ROADM - Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing

Introduction to ROADM
The evolution towards photonic networks and all optical networking
Optical layer, optical routing and elements of all-optical networking

Coherent Optical Communications

Introduction to coherent optical communications
Use of Digital Signal Processing for alleviating chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion and OSNR impairments
New optical modulation schemes for 40 - 400Gb/s transmission
DP-QPSK
Coherent optical transmission above 100Gb/s
Super-channels

Raman Optical Amplification

Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages
Comparison with EDFA (traditional optical amplifiers)
Hybrid EDFA-Raman Optical Amplification
ROPA - Remote Optically Pumped Amplification Systems
Design aspects of Raman optically amplified networks
Special care in operation and maintenance of optical networks employing Raman amplification

Tests and Measurements in WDM Networks:

Spectral measurements in WDM
Essential characteristics of the OSA
Technologies of spectral analysis

The Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA)
Wavelength Meter
Tunable filter based equipments

Required tests and measurement parameters

Components
System performance
Field installation and maintenance

Use of OSA in the installation, monitoring and fault repairing of WDM networks
WDM test equipment suppliers
Specialized diagnostics of optical networks
PMD audits in the American and Brazilian fiber plants

Current Issues in WDM Optical Networking:

Networks centered in voice services versus networks centered in data services
IP over WDM and The optical internet
GMPLS and ASON
DWDM and CWDM in Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN's)
The LAN invades the WAN and WAN invades the LAN
L-band EDFA optical amplifier (1570-1620nm)
Ultra-wide band EDFA optical amplifier (1530-1620nm)
DWDM in dispersion shifted (DS) fibers
Optical TDM & 40Gb/s, 100Gb/s, 200Gb/s and 400Gb/s TDM
Link PMD
PMD compensation
Forward Error Correction - FEC
Alien Wave

Comments on WDM Market:

DWDM & CWDM market driving factors
Market euphoria, crisis and recovering
Historic evolution of the worldwide WDM market
Current market scenarios

Delivery Method

Instructor-Led with numerous exercises and case-studies.

Equipment Requirements
(This apply's to our hands-on courses only)

BTS always provides equipment to have a very successful Hands-On course. BTS also encourages all attendees to bring their own equipment to the course. This will provide attendees the opportunity to incorporate their own gear into the labs and gain valuable training using their specific equipment.

Course Length

5 Days